Effect of trace elements on the rate of carbon production in marine photyplankton at different temperature

The alteration ih trace metal (Cu. Mu and Zn) toxicity was assessed in terms of rate of carbon production at different temperature in two unicellular algae Synechocystis salina, Wislouch and Isochrysis galbana Parke. m e rate of carbon production was maximum at lS°C for S. salina and at 30°C for I. galbnna. Metal toxicity increased at higher temperature (40°C) by inhibiting carbon production to a larger extent

Effect of copper on the ultrastructure Of marine phytoplankton

Electron microscopy technique was used to study the copper induced ultrastructural changes in the blue green alga, Synechocyslis salina. Wislouch and golden yellow flagellate /sochrysis ga/bana Parke. The blue green alga exhibited significant deterioration in the cell's internal organisation. Presence of membrane whorls. disorganisation of cell envelop. Photosynthetic lamelleae at certain regions of the cell, reduction in cellsize increase in number of polyhedral bodies and absence of lipid inclusion was observed. Drastic change was not noticed in the golden yellow flagellate except for the presence of enlarged vacuoles and more number of osmophilic bodies. Toxicity and detoxification mechanisms are discussed and the utili zation of electron microscopic analysis is established in the studies of metal toxioity at the cellular leve

Biomolecular transitions and lipid accumulation in green microalgae monitored by FTIR and Raman analysis

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques were employed to analyze the biomolecular transitions and lipid accumulation in three freshwater green microalgal species, Monoraphidium contortum (M. contortum), Pseudomuriella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. during various phases of their growth. Biomolecular transitions and lipid [hydrocarbons, triacylglycerides (TAGs)] accumulation within the microalgal cells were identified using second derivatives of the FTIR absorption spectroscopy. Second derivative analysis normalized and resolved the original spectra and led to the identification of smaller, overlapping bands. Both relative and absolute content of lipids were determined using the integrated band area. M. contortum exhibited higher accumulation of lipids than the other two species. The integrated band area of the vibrations from saturated (SFA) and unsaturated lipids (UFA) enabled quantification of fatty acids. The percentage of SFA and UFA was determined using GC, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. From the spectral data, the order of increasing concentration of SFA among the three microalgal species was M. contortum > Chlamydomonas sp. > Pseudomuriella sp. The spectral results on fatty acids were consistent with the separation of lipids by gas chromatography. The results emphasized the significance of FTIR and Raman spectroscopic methods in monitoring the biomolecular transitions and rapid quantification of lipids, without the need for extraction of lipids

Role of the trace elements on the growth and physiology of selected microalgae

The thesis presents a comprehensive study on the importance of trace elements namely copper, manganese and zinc on I. galbana and S. salina which are of nutritive value and a r e used as live food for rearing the shellfish larvae and for developing mass cultures in the hatchery systems

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Not AvailableThe alteration ih trace metal (Cu. Mu and Zn) toxicity was assessed in terms of rate of carbon production at different temperature in two unicellular algae Synechocystis salina, Wislouch and Isochrysis galbana Parke. m e rate of carbon production was maximum at lS°C for S. salina and at 30°C for I. galbnna. Metal toxicity increased at higher temperature (40°C) by inhibiting carbon production to a larger extent.Not Availabl

Role of trace element of the growth and Physiology of selected microalgae

The main objective of the study is primarily to determine the magnitude of selected trace elements, the concentrations of which would possibly accelerate growth resulting in larger biomass and sustained period of exponential phase for economically viable harvest. The study on the effect of three trace elements namely Cu, Mn and Zn on two species of algae,ISOChrySiS galbana Parke and Synechocystib salina Wislouch under different conditions of salinity, PH and temperature involves several combinations for each metal, from which the relative set of conditions has been adduced. The scheme of the experiments was statistically designed for interpretation of data and factors were assessed and graded according to relative importance. The methodology adopted for data interpretation is analysis of variance by split-plot design method. The thesis has been divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter explains the relevance of the research work undertaken. Chapter 11 gives a review on the work pertaining to the above mentioned three trace elements in relation to nutrition as well as on the toxic aspects about which there is an abundance of literature. Chapter Ill presents a detailed description of the material and specialised methods followed for the study. The results and conclusions of the various experiments on effect of metals on growth and other physiological activities are discussed in Chapters IV and V.Cochin University of Science and TechnologyCentral Marine Fisheries Search Institut

Not Available

Not AvailableElectron microscopy technique was used to study the copper induced ultrastructural changes in the blue green alga, Synechocyslis salina. Wislouch and golden yellow flagellate /sochrysis ga/bana Parke. The blue green alga exhibited significant deterioration in the cell's internal organisation. Presence of membrane whorls. disorganisation of cell envelop. Photosynthetic lamelleae at certain regions of the cell, reduction in cellsize increase in number of polyhedral bodies and absence of lipid inclusion was observed. Drastic change was not noticed in the golden yellow flagellate except for the presence of enlarged vacuoles and more number of osmophilic bodies. Toxicity and detoxification mechanisms are discussed and the utili zation of electron microscopic analysis is established in the studies of metal toxioity at the cellular levelNot Availabl

Response to nutrient variation on lipid productivity in green microalgae captured using second derivative FTIR and Raman spectroscopy

Two green microalgae species Monoraphidium contortum (M. contortum) and Chlamydomonas sp. that were identified to accumulate lipids were subjected to four different nutrient treatments (NP1-NP4), ranging in nitrate (0.05–5 mM N) and phosphate (2.8–264 μM P) concentrations, at a fixed N:P ratio of ∼18. The effect of nutrient variation on lipid productivity in the species was investigated using second derivative (SD) FTIR and Raman spectroscopy of algal biomass. SD spectral analysis revealed high production of lipid in the form of hydrocarbons (CH) (3000–2800 cm−1), triacylglycerides (TAGs)(∼1740 cm−1), saturated (SFA)(∼1440 cm−1), and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)(∼3010 cm−1) for the nutrient deplete condition (NP1) in both species. Changes in signals attributed to lipids in proportion to other biochemical components were consistent with physiological changes expected from nutrient depletion. Relative signal intensities for lipids showed a significant increase in NP1, in particular, CH, TAGs in relation to protein signals (in SD-FTIR), and SFA, UFA in relation to carotenoid signals (in SD-Raman). PCA performed on the negative spectral values of the SD-FTIR and SD-Raman data for the four NP treatments enabled discrimination not only between the species but also between the NP treatments and the timing of harvest. M. contortum was found to contain a relatively higher proportion of CH, TAGs, SFA, and UFA compared to Chlamydomonas sp. Peak areas from the negative SD spectra, informed by PCA analysis, enabled capturing quantifiable changes in a manner that is consistent with known microalgal physiology. SD-FTIR and SD-Raman spectroscopy have been shown to possess superior potential to capture relevant microalgal physiological changes